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Wednesday, April 20, 2016

Russell City: A Self-Governed African American Town

NB Commentary: 
They should make a movie about Russel City. So much we don't know about our history in this country. Finding out about Black Wall Street at this stage in my life was mind blowing. What about the Harlem Renaissance? Or after the Civil War, the Reconstruction Era where many blacks were elected into office in the South. And we know what a rucus that caused and shortly thereafter the Jim Crow Laws. But Africans were kidnapped and MADE INTO SLAVES. Funny thing, because they did all the work, or a majority of the work, they learned a lot about how to sustain themselves, till the land, build houses, clothe themselves, run businesses which was why they were so successful. They had the skills because they had to work from "can" to "can't". Not to mention the many inventions that Africans developed to make their work just a little easier. Think about it.

Russell City: A Self-Governed African American Town
Sunday Apr 21, 2013 · 2:57 PM EDT

A book by Megan Wilkinson describes the foundation of an African American community along the shores of San Francisco Bay in the mid 19th century.  This book, What Ever Happened to Russell City is a remarkable work of scholarship, anthropological fieldwork and archaeology.  Russell City is no more, but now only an industrial site where a few foundations of homes that once graced the streets of this once colorful and democratically run town of mainly African Americans.
   Russell City, in California, began as a small  farming community in the mid-1800s. It was founded by a Danish immigrant who gave sanctuary to African
Americans before and after the Civil War. The demographics of Russell City changed over time, and by the late 1930s African American and Latino American families joined the European settlers’ descendents. It was never an incorporated entity, yet Russell City provided some of its own civic services and enjoyed a strong community spirit including an important Blues scene.
      In its latter years, Russell City was considered a blight to the surrounding towns and in 1963 Alameda County began the forced relocation of its tenants, bulldozed the entire community, and rezoned the land into industrial use only. No comprehensive history of Russell City existed at the time of this research by Megan Wilkinson. To chronicle the events leading up to the town’s demise, she conducted interviews of ex-residents and built an archive of newspaper accounts relating to the city. She also created two maps, one of land ownership circa 1963-1968 and another representing renter and business information with street layouts and a plot map of buildings. These were produced entirely using a variety of surviving materials and from documents preserved by original families who lived in Russell City.  She produced a basic archaeological survey of the site of the city as a means of establishing its history of development.  This project is essential to reconstruct Russell City’s past and is meant to provide the background data for additional projects that will help secure Russell City’s place in history as well as self-managed communities.

  I recommend this book highly to anyone studying African American history, the history of California and the Bay Area and African American culture, music and self-government.  It can be purchased at: http://www.amazon.com/....

Friday, April 8, 2016

Jesse Eugene Russell "Father of 2G" Communications

Nana's Commentary:
How often do we hear this being said, "Why do you need Black History Month? What did Blacks ever do?" We gotta learn our story so we can answer this and many other questions, right and exact. So check out Jesse Eugene Russell. Remember his name and what he did.
RIGHT BACK ATCHA!!!




CONSIDERED THE “FATHER OF 2G COMMUNICATIONS”, HE PIONEERED AND IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE FIELD OF DIGITAL CELLULAR COMMUNICATION AND DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY. THIS MAN FUNDAMENTALLY AFFECTED THE WAY THE MODERN CELLPHONE WORKS AND HOW WE TALK TO EACH OTHER TODAY. HOW DID THIS MAN CHANGE OUR LIVES?



Jesse Eugene Russell
Born 1948, Nashville, Tennessee. Though coming from a large family and economically/socially challenged neighborhood, Russell overcame those odds to attend Tennessee State University where he earned a B.S. in electrical engineering in 1972. Interesting to note, Russell is the first African American to be hired directly from a “Historically Black University” by AT&T Bell Labs after earning his B.S. He would go on to earn a Master of Electrical Engineering from Stanford in 1973.

Jesse Eugene Russell
Continuing his work at Bell Labs, some of his greatest contributions involve his part in introducing the U.S. (and by extension, the world) to digital cellular technology. Until his involvement, AT&T’s Cellular Radio division was sort of bleeding money. The company had this technology, but the only practical consumer application at the time was for car phones. Russell suggested the idea of taking the phones out of the car and putting them on the people, thus creating truly mobile phones. Only problem was, there were more people than cars, and the specific spectrum these car phones were on wouldn’t be able to handle the bandwidth.

Fortunately for the team, Russell had already become the leading expert in digital signal processing. Russell came up with a few solutions to this technical problem; this included completely digitizing speech, which significantly reduced bandwidth by using certain modulation schemes and allowed 4 times the number of people on the same spectrum. The technology took approximately from 1984-1988 for Russell and Bell Labs to complete, and was the first digital cellular system in any place in the world. Hear it from the man himself:

Russell had a successful career at Bell Labs, climbing to leadership positions such as the Director of the AT&T Cellular Telecommunication Laboratory (Bell Labs), Vice President of Advanced Wireless Technology Laboratory (Bell Labs), Chief Technical Officer for the Network Wireless Systems Business Unit (Bell Labs), Chief Wireless Architect of AT&T, and Vice President of Advanced Communications Technologies for AT&T Laboratories. He also struck out on his own as current CEO of incNETWORKS (starting in 2000), one of the tech leaders in MicroLTE product platforms for 4G.


He also has over 100 patents under his belt over the course of his career, including some big ones:
  • Advanced multi-network client device for wideband multimedia access to private and public wireless networks
  • Broadband cable telephony network architecture IP ITN network architecture reference model
  • Wireless communication base station
  • Wireless terminal having digital radio processing with automatic communication system selection capability
  • Wireless communication system having base units which extracts channel and setup information from nearby base units
  • Mobile data telephone
  • Base station for mobile radio telecommunications systems
SOURCE: WIKIPEDIA
SOURCE: VIMEO